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Solar panels in Newark, NJ

Every figure below is produced by simulating a full year — 8,760 hours — of sun angles, cloud cover, air temperature and wind for Newark, then running the result through a panel and inverter model. No rules of thumb.

1,266kWh per kW / year
8,860kWh from a 7 kW roof
0.800performance ratio

What a system actually produces here

Solar output in Newark peaks in May and bottoms out in December, a swing of about 2.0×. That seasonal shape matters more than the annual total if your utility settles exports monthly rather than annually — a big summer surplus can be worth much less than the same energy spread evenly.

MonthSun (kWh/m²/day)kWh per kW7 kW system
Jan2.077541
Feb2.887611
Mar3.9116812
Apr4.9126882
May5.5133929
Jun5.9130913
Jul5.8132923
Aug5.2124871
Sep4.3109763
Oct3.194659
Nov2.170491
Dec1.766465

Electricity rates that shape the payback

What a solar system saves in Newark depends less on how much it produces than on when it produces, and what your utility pays for the surplus. These are the NJ schedules modelled by the calculator:

PSE&G — RS Residential

1:1 net metering stacked on top of the ADI incentive — one of the last places both apply. Fixed charge $4.95/month. Summer Flat $0.20. Winter Flat $0.19.
Source: PSE&G residential service rate; NJ BPU SuSI/ADI program

Export rule: PSE&G — full net metering — every exported kilowatt-hour is credited at the same retail price you pay to import one. Under net billing, exported kilowatt-hours earn far less than the retail price you pay to import them — which is why self-consumption and batteries change the maths so much. The calculator settles every hour individually rather than netting annually.

Run your own numbers

Payback depends on what you pay for the system, how much power your household uses after dark, and which incentives you qualify for — none of which a city page can know. The calculator asks for those and settles all 8,760 hours against your actual rate.

Open the payback calculator

See also: solar incentives in New Jersey — the state credit, the export rules, and what the §25D expiry changed for buyers here.

Other cities

Method

Irradiance is decomposed into beam and diffuse components and projected onto the array plane with the Perez model, with incidence-angle losses, a cell-temperature model driven by air temperature and wind, and an inverter efficiency curve including clipping. Annual yield is checked against NREL PVWatts v8 across all 18 modelled cities; RMS error is 2.70%. See the glossary for what each term means.